Iran, due to its geographical location, has low rainfall and is considered a dry land. As a result, different regions of the country grapple with drought. The presence of water management systems, such as aqueducts and reservoirs, in most parts of the country, along with a variety of methods for conserving water for irrigation, may contribute to this claim. Considering that drought is an inherent phenomenon in Iran's climate, people have invented and used numerous methods to combat it and store water. The aim of this study is to monitor and evaluate drought in Iran. In order to realize this goal, precipitation data from synoptic, rain gauge, and climatology stations were extracted OVER a 51-year period, from 1970 to 2020. The results obtained from examining drought occurrences in five ten-year periods reveal that, with the exception of the third decade (1991 to 2000), drought has prevailed in the majority of Iran's regions compared to other decades. On the other hand, in the recent decades leading to 2020, the intensity of drought occurrences, especially in the Middle Zagros, has intensified, which has consistently been among the regions with the highest rainfall in Iran after the Caspian region. This situation can cause concern in Iran, a country where its agricultural production hub is established along the Zagros mountain range. MoreOVER, the fluctuating behavior of Iran's droughts, with return periods of 2 to 5 years, has complicated the management strategies for these types of hazards. These conditions appear to have created numerous issues in many areas of Iran, particularly in the agricultural sector of the western provinces, due to the lack of conformity with these types of occurrences.

Purpose: Novice runners are at high risk of running-related injuries. However, their injury mechanisms are less well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of running-induced fatigue on foot roll-OVER pattern in novice runners.Methods: Eighteen (12 male and 6 female) novice runners participated in this study. Before and after the fatigue, plantar load distribution was recorded by Footscan system. Peak plantar pressure, peak force underneath of each zone and Medio-lateral force distribution ratio were calculated during forefoot push-off phase. Furthermore, temporal data such as time to peak force for each region and duration percent for each phase were calculated.Results: After the fatigue, an increase in forefoot and midfoot loading was observed. Results showed statistically significant reduction in the Medio-lateral force distribution ratio in forefoot push off (p=0.029). MoreOVER, timing percent of initial contact phase and forefoot contact phase were decreased (p=0.001 and p=0.009 respectively) and percent of forefoot push off phase duration was increased significantly (p=0.036). Time to peak force in the 4th metatarsal reduced.Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrated that running-induced fatigue caused load and plantar pressure distribution consequently, roll-OVER deviations in novice runners. These results may provide useful information related to several running related injuries.

In this paper the smelting conditions of different concentrate and the effects of them on the concentrate reactivity were investigated. Different phases associated with chalcositic and chalcopyrite concentrates identified by using of XRD and SEM methods. The effect of three kind of concentrate with different compositions on the operational conditions of FLASH furnace such as burning atmosphere, excess air and equilibrium furnace temperature were investigated. The results showed that chalcopyrite concentrate has the better reactivity, higher matte production and better burning in normal atmosphere.